PA Admission Paper - 821 Words

I was three when I decided I would become a health care provider. This decision is my first memory and it is why I will become a physician’s assistant (PA). I was watching a documentary and staring into the eyes of a child my age. The announcer said that the child was starving. I could not imagine someone having flies in their eyes and not having food to eat or clothes to wear. I could not believe that such atrocities existed and I vowed to do something about it. I grew up in a small town surrounded by blue collar folks. My father had multiple sclerosis although I don’t remember it getting in the way of his strong desire to make a difference in the lives of the troubled souls with whom he worked as a parole officer. He died shortly†¦show more content†¦In addition, I took socially minded courses, volunteered and contributed to my campus community by participating in clubs. I continued to gain experience in health care. I worked at the student health center, creating and distributing relevant health related information, on campus and I worked as a home health aid. These college experiences enhanced my insight into the world of health care and provided me with greater excitement about becoming a health care provider. Then I got sick and that’s when I met my first PA. It was the summer between my junior and senior year of college and I had been suffering from health problems that were quietly destroying my well-being and studies since I had returned from my sophomore year study abroad in Ecuador. The doctors I had seen in Wisconsin did not address my health problem, so I made an appointment with a PA at home in Montana. I did not know what a â€Å"PA† was, but I was dubious that an assistant could diagnose me. However, not only did he diagnose me, but he treated me so well that I elected to see him over the Wisconsin doctors I had seen previously. Unlike the doctors, the PA was calm, competent and caring. This was the first hint at the fact that PA was the career choice for me. After college, I became a medical anthropologist to help create structural change that would one day improve the system that contributes to the social inequalities that cause to poor health. My plan didn’t work. While myShow MoreRelatedPatient Case Study1630 Words   |  7 Pagesthat exceeds the recipient’s needs, not ordered or prescribed solely for the recipient’s convenience and is ordered with the recipient’s knowledge. 55 Pa. Code  § 1101.66(a)(2): The Department pays for compensable services or items rendered, prescribed or ordered by a practitioner or provider if the service or item is medically necessary. 55 Pa Code  § 1101.21: A medically necessary service is one that is compensable under the MA Program, necessary to the proper treatment or management of an illnessRead MorePharmacy Admission Specialist1861 Words   |  8 Pagesmedications taken by a patient prior to admission to a facility with medication orders at the facility. The Joint Commission (TJC), the accrediting body for health care organizations, stipulates that the medication reconciliation process must be completed within 24 hours of admission (Sentinel Event Alert, Issue 35, 2006). This process begins with compiling an accurate list of the patients home medications which are also referred to as prior to admission (PTA) medications. At Poudre Valley HospitalRead MoreOutcomes For Women Admitted During Active Versus Early Labor1272 Words   |  6 PagesColorado, College of Nursing Author Note This paper was prepared for NUDO 7018, taught by Professors Nelson and Shaw. Perhaps one of the most important and difficult decisions an obstetrics care provider attending births in a hospital setting can make is when to admit women to labor and delivery units. A literature review evaluating the PICO question: â€Å"In nulliparous women with singleton, vertex pregnancies, does admission to labor and delivery units in active labor, defined as cervicalRead MoreTaking a Stand Essay1324 Words   |  6 Pagesbeyond the individual patient to local and global populations, and nationally and globally to the nursing profession itself. The purpose of this paper is to describe this author’s role as a moral agent or advocate for a specific issue in this author’s work, and explain one or more negative outcomes that may result if this role is not fulfilled. This paper will also analyze the skills, dispositions, and strategies necessary to help this author fulfill this role, and explain this author’s motivationRead MoreEssay Job Description1487 Wor ds   |  6 Pagesinstitution, and during this time I have developed a broad range of skills, in-depth knowledge of HE and more specially the medical school and gathered a wealth of experience which ideally suits me to this role. I have worked in recruitment and admission roles previously; as the European recruitment assistant for the Business and Management school at Humberside University I worked closely with the recruiting academics creating and booking their recruitment drives/travel plans, putting together marketingRead MoreHec Montrà ©al Admission4589 Words   |  19 Pagespar le numà ©ro de la demande d admission en ligne. Courrier à ©lectronique : AdmissionEnligne@hec.ca Ou Courrier postal : HEC Montrà ©al Bureau du registraire Service des admissions 3000, chemin de la Cà ´te-Sainte-Catherine Montrà ©al (Quà ©bec) H3T 2A7 Canada Studying at HEC Montrà ©al Each program of studies at HEC Montrà ©al has its own eligibility criteria. For more information, refer to the admission section for the program thatRead MoreRacism And Sexism : A Government Or Private Program1134 Words   |  5 Pages2015). However, they did not outlaw affirmative action as a whole, it still exists, but it has to be tailored to meet a government interest, but not be a quota. This manifested itself so that schools can award extra points to minorities on their admissions, but it should not be the largest factor, and done with the goal of promoting diversity (CrashCourse, 2015). After looking at what affirmative action is, and why it started, I do think it should be removed from the federal government. The mainRead MoreVentilator-Associated Pneumonia Essay1059 Words   |  5 Pageshours of endotrachal intubation (Lewis, Dirksen, Heitkemper, Bucher, amp; Camera, 2011). Although any hospital patient is susceptible to pneumonia, ventilator dependent patients are at the highest risk of acquiring pneumonia. The purpose of this paper is to identify the risk factors, incidences, and preventions of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) using a quantitative research study performed in Malaysia. â€Å"The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and predictors over time during anRead More... Competency Differences of Associate and Bsn Nurses815 Words   |  4 Pageshospitals and a four year university or college program, earning the student a bachelor’s of science degree in nursing (BSN). The practice of the ADN and Diploma nurse is the same. Ea ch nurse is eligible to sit for the NCLEX-RN licensing exam. This paper will compare the competency levels of BSN and ADN/Diploma nurses. The American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) believes that education significantly impacts the knowledge base and competencies of nurses (AACN, 2010). BSN and ADN nursesRead MoreStress For Community Home Health Nurses856 Words   |  4 Pagesreferrals are given through faxes and e-mails, the nurse does not exhibit a way to directly challenge the atmosphere that will be present at the initial assessment of the client. Nurses can never assume that every initial visit for the clients’ admission to the community nurses service will be a pleasant experience. Nurses rely solely on the marketing team to provide the needed information of the client to the nurses so that the initial visit may be smooth runnings. Chapter 2 REVIEW OF THE

Comparing Dada to Pop Art Essays - 1420 Words

Comparing Dada to Pop Art In this essay I will compare the Dada and Pop Art movements by depicting the characteristics of each art period, their style and social conditions that may have influenced the creation of each movement. The essay will describe the relationship between the Dada and Pop Art movements. The essay will show their similarities, differences, and the reason why Pop Art did not continue with the Dada tradition although Pop Art also utilized everyday objects as subjects to create art just like the Dada. Lastly, the essay will show how Pop Art is still very much part of today’s art world. A1. Dada or Daism was an informal international art movement, with artists and followers in Europe and North America. The†¦show more content†¦(â€Å"Pop art-†, 2013) A3a. Dada and Pop Art developed in part to oppose the status quo, standing up in opposition to the established elite art of their respective times. Pop Art and the Dadaist thought that the traditional artist was a prop of the elite and the powerful; hence, both movements created art that was anti aesthetic. Pop Art and Dadaism both used everyday objects to create art that was symbolic, realistic, and descriptive. Both movements used what was considered non-traditional motifs. Dadaism and Pop Art used their movement as a means of criticism for their respective times in which they lived. Lastly, Dada and Pop Art movements - to some degree - were influenced by a war. (â€Å"Pop art-† 2013) A3b. Pop Art was somewhat an extension of Dadaism. Pop Art also delved into some of the same subjects as Dadaism; however, Pop Art substituted the harsh, sarcastic, and radical impulses of the Dada movement with an appreciation to popular culture. Pop Art artists wanted to express their optimism to a culture born during post-War World II who sought to acquire consumer goods in response to mass media advertising. Pop Art did not critique the consumerists it simply recognized it as a natural fact of the times. (â€Å"Pop art/dada†, 2013) A3b1. Marcel Duchamp’s, Fountain, 1917 is considered a ‘readymade’ artwork from the Dada movement. The sculpture has become one of the most recognizedShow MoreRelatedThe Idea Of Anti Art1322 Words   |  6 Pages The term Anti-art is the idea of rejecting prior definitions of art and even the rejection of art it s self. The term is thought to have been coined by pioneer of Dada, Marcel Duchamp in 1913 around the time he made his first readymades. (Tate.org.uk, n.d.). The idea of Anti-art has been seen through numerous art movements since, from surrealism, to Pop art; Minimalism, to Conceptual art; Performance art and all it s sub genres. Dada was an art movement described by Dada poet Tristan Tzara asRead MoreThe Art Institute Of Chicago1741 Words   |  7 PagesNext time you are walking through the Art Institute of Chicago I would highly recommend a visit to the Gift of Edlis|Neeson Collection, located on the second floor, gallery 292A. Here you will find a tantalizing array of modern day contemporary art that delivers a sensory overload wherever you turn. Nestled in between the copiousness of talent you will find three offerings from a prominent living contemporary artist called Jasper Johns titled Alphabet (1959), Figure 4 (1959), and Target (1961).Read MoreAn Overview of Postmodernism Essay2180 Words   |  9 Pagesacross the ocean. Due to the exile, the art centre also moved overseas, from Paris to New York, offering a new opportunity for American art to be the initiator in what was generally accepted as the new tendencies in arts. These changes brought new opportunities for the other social categories to e xpress themselves. From feminists to gay, African-Americans to Mexican immigrants, gradually, these groups found an open window towards freedom of expression in arts and literature alongside their fight for

Accounting and Economics of Standards †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Accounting and Economics of Standards. Answer: Introduction An appropriate and faithful representation of the financial statements is the most vital foundation for every entity existing in this competitive world because these can directly influence public reputation and confidence of the investors. Furthermore, the intentional fault of representation can also facilitate in business crime (Spiceland et. al, 2011). Furthermore, disclosures must be given due consideration by companies so that reporting quality can be enhanced. The example of Woolworths has been analyzed with the help of this study so that it can be analyzed whether its disclosures on PPE are appropriately aligned with the requirements of AASB 116 standard and conceptual framework. Objectives of GPFR and qualitative characteristics of financial reporting General Purpose Financial Reporting assists in portraying the financial information of businesses who are obligated to prepare such reports in order to address the requirements of users. The GPFR comprises of income statement, balance sheet, cash flow statement, etc that are required to be prepared based on the current accounting standards. Further, estimates of liabilities, assets, and expenses are also depicted through GPFR so that a list of companys monthly expenses can be offered in net sums to ascertain how much amount is expended every month. GPFR also do not accommodate conclusions regarding particular qualities information must possess, form, nature, and number of financial reports to be prepared. Based on the conceptual framework for financial reporting, qualitative characteristics assist in recognizing different types of information that can be used by users in their decision-making processes. Nevertheless, reliability, faithful representation, and relevance are the most fundamental qualitative characteristics of corporate reporting. Relevant financial information assists in making a difference in the process of decision-making only if it pursues predictive, confirmatory value or both. However, faithful representation also plays a vital role in restricting errors or fraud from forming part of the financial information, thereby assist in enhancing completeness, neutrality, and freedom. Further, reliability also assists the users in implanting confidence and dependence on the part of users. Extent to which the annual report addresses PPE disclosures based on AASB 116 In relation to the annual report of Woolworths Ltd, it can be seen that the company has efficiently attempted to disclose the requirements of PPE based on AASB 116 standards. The PPE of the Group is recorded at cost minus accumulated amortization or depreciation and accumulated losses of impairment. Further, the cost of its self-constructed assets comprise of overhead, direct labor, and cost of materials. In addition, it can be seen that the Groups assets are depreciated on a straight-line basis over their useful lives (estimated). The Group also discloses that the anticipated useful lives of its PPE possess 2.5 to 10 years of useful lives while its property has 25-40 years of useful life. Moreover, based on the annual report of Woolworths, the total carrying values of PPE at the initial period is $19000.4 million while the net accumulated depreciation or amortization reports at $10737.6 million. Hence, the carrying value at the end of the period reports at $8262.8 million. Woolworth s has also disclosed relevant information regarding the reconciliation of carrying values at the beginning ($9600.7 million) and end of the period ($10062.1 m). Further, the company through this report has also showed additions of $2120.7 million Accounting. Besides, losses of impairment of the company have also been disclosed and it reports at $439.4 million that is reversed and identified in the companys profit and loss statement. Based on paragraph 76 of the AASB 116 standard, it can be seen that disclosures may also derive from variations in estimates in relation to residual amounts and present method of depreciation. However, in relation to the annual report of Woolworths, adequate information on the depreciation method and residual value is not being disclosed for its Property, Plant, and Equipment (Melville, 2013). Besides, enhanced information regarding the sale of such property, plant, and equipment of the Group can also not be found in their annual report. On a whole, the annual report of Woolworths does generally meet the disclosure requirements of PPE based on AASB 116 standard but few detailed information regarding such PPE is nowhere to be found in such annual report. Extent to which PPE disclosures satisfied fundamental and enhancing characteristics of useful financial information It can be observed from the annual report of Woolworths that the company has satisfied the fundamental qualitative characteristic of financial reporting. Since faithful representation and relevance are the most fundamental characteristics, it can be seen that the carrying values of the companys PPE at the end of 2015 and 2016 is clearly present and the recognized depreciation of the past years have not been changed. This means that the value of PPE at the year-end can be easily predicted through the provision of such information. Hence, relevance is adequately addressed by the company as such information not only has confirmatory value but also predictive value. This means that with the help of information regarding the carrying value of the companys PPE, prediction can be easily done regarding the amount that will be witnessed at the end of the year. Further, in relation to faithful representation qualitative characteristic of financial reporting, information is said to be faithfull y represented if all required details associated with the concept is prevalent in the annual report. However, the Group has not adequately endeavored in addressing the requirements of this characteristic because the sale value of its PPE together with their respective residual values have not been disclosed by it in their annual reports. Hence, the company has failed to satisfy the concept of faithful representation. In relation to enhancing qualitative characteristics, it can be seen that understandability is one of them. This means that the users have presumed to possess significant accounting knowledge and hence, they are able to conduct an evaluation and diligent review of such information. Extent to which PPE disclosures align with the objectives of GPFR The major objective of general purpose financial reporting is to offer financial information in such a way that potential creditors and investors can easily anticipate or predict the future economic value of such information. In simple words, this means that with the help of such information, users must be able to extract the same to make relevant decisions for the future (Lapsley, 2012). Moreover, it can be observed from the financial statements of Woolworths that the financial information forming part of the annual report is clearly relevant in nature. In other words, it can be seen that the carrying amounts of the property, plant, and equipment of the company have been adequately and efficiently disclosed at the end of 2015 and 2016. With the provision of such information, users like investors can easily predict their return on investment, thereby satisfying the requirement of general purpose financial reporting. However, since the company does not properly consider faithful repre sentation, the information is not entirely complete in the annual report, which means that users can also face issues while making decisions based on such information (Needles Powers, 2013). However, other characteristics serving as a major requirement in obtaining the objectives of general purpose financial reporting have been efficiently addressed that means the disclosures of PPE have mostly aligned with such objectives. Conclusion It can be seen from the annual report of Woolworths that the company has adequately disclosed relevant information relation to its property, plant, and equipment, thereby satisfying the requirements of AASB 116 standards and conceptual framework for financial reporting as a whole. However, some important information like the sales of PPE and their respective values is nowhere to be found in the annual report that is a bad indicator. Therefore, it is recommended that if the disclosures regarding the companys PPE can be more comprehended, the qualitative characteristic of faithful representation can also be attained (Williams, 2012). Overall, since the company has expended massive resources and time to obtain its objectives, it must also endeavor to make enhanced disclosure measures so that the users are not dissatisfied from the same. Therefore, disclosures must be given due consideration by Woolworths so that they can assist users in proper decision-making processes. References Lapsley, I. 2012, Commentary: Financial Accountability Management, Qualitative Research in Accounting Management, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 291-292. Meeks, G Swann, G.M.P 2009, Accounting standards and the economics of standards, Accounting and Business Research, International Accounting Policy Forum, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 23-44 Melville, A 2013, International Financial Reporting A Practical Guide, Pearson, Education Limited, UK Merchant, K. A. 2012, Making Management Accounting Research More Useful, Pacific Accounting Review, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 1-34. Needles, B.E. Powers, M 2013, Principles of Financial Accounting, Francisco: Mc Graw-Hill Brook co. Spiceland, J, Thomas, W Herrmann, D 2011, Financial accounting, New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin, University Press Williams, J 2012, Financial accounting, New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Spiceland, J, Thomas, W. Herrmann, D 2011, Financial accounting, New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin,University Press Martin, K , AJ Martin, JD 2016, Financial management: principles and applications, 7th edn, Pearson Australia, Vic.

Development of Dance and Music in the Philippines Essay Example For Students

Development of Dance and Music in the Philippines Essay Development of Philippine Literature According to Athenian, Ramose, Salary and Nasal in their book Painting Filipino, true literature is a piece of written work which is undying. It expresses the feelings and emotions of people in response to his everyday efforts to live, to be happy in his environment and, after struggles, to reach his Creator. It is important to study Philippine Literature as enumerated: To better appreciate our literary heritage: trace ideas passed down through generation from our ancestors and better understand ourselves and take pride in being a Filipino To understand hat we have a great and noble tradition as means to assimilate culture To overcome limitations conditioned by certain historical factors Time Frames of Philippine Literature in English: Pre-Spanish Period Our ancient literature truly reflects our early customs traditions as traced in folk stories, old plays and short stories. Back then, the alphabet used was different and were similar to the Malay-Polynesian alphabet which we called Alabama. Written works however did not last long because the Spanish Friars burned them believing that they were works of the devil or that were destroyed because they were written in erasable materials like the barks of trees, dried leaves and bamboo cylinders. Those that survived are in oral form such as our folk songs. The Spaniards tried to prove that our ancestors were really fond of poetry, songs, stories, riddles and proverbs which we still enjoy until today and which serve to show descendants the true Filipino culture. Pre-Spanish literature is characterized by Legends, Folk tales, Epics, Folk Songs, and Epigrams/Riddles/Chants/Proverbs Sayings. Spanish pennon (1565-1872) At this regime, Philippine literature started to thrived at Governor-General Miguel Lopez De Legalizes reign. Due to three centuries of colonization, several changes were influenced by the Spaniards: 1. Alabama, the 1st Filipino alphabet, was changed to Roman alphabet 2. Basis of religious practices was the teaching of Christian Doctrine 3. Spanish language was infused with Filipino language 4. Assimilation of European legends traditions to our own 5. Translation of ancient literature to our dialects 6. Printing of Filipino grammar books 7. Periodicals gained a religious tone. The first books published were Nag Doctrine Christiana, Muenster Senora del Rosaries, Libra De Los Actuator Postmasters De Hombre, Nag Barilla at Josephus, The Passion, Development of Dance and Music in the Philippines By Sierra-Vivaldi period were Art y Reggae De la Language Toga by FRR. Balance De San Jose, Compendia De la Language Toga by FRR. Gasper De San Augustan and Vocabulary De la Language Toga by FRR. Pedro De San Buenaventura. Period of Enlightenment (1872-1898) After being passive under Spanish rule for 3 centuries, the Filipino spirit awakened when the 3 well known priests Gomez, Burros, Somoza were guillotined without enough evidence and the Spaniards werent able to restrain the rebellion. The rebellion was divided in 2 efforts: The Propaganda Movement (1872-1896) and Period of Active Revolution (1896-1898). The Propaganda Movement were leaded by intellectual middle-class people like our National Hero Dry. Jose Racial, Marcelo del Pillar, and Grecian Lopez Jean, and its members were Antonio Ulna, Marino Pence, Jose Ma. Panamanian, Pedro Pattern etc. The objectives of this movement were to seek reforms and changes for the liberation and equity of Filipinos through their literary works. The most famous works of these people that stirred the Filipinos were Noel Me Tanager, El Filibusterers, Mi Ultimo Adios, A La Juvenile Filipino, Paging As Attenuating Lap, La Siberian En Philippians, Nag Fray Bottom, Enoch Buena, Sober Filipinos, A Mi Madder, and Nag Lubing Tinnitus. However, the petitions made by the propaganda movement were ignored and fell on deaf ears that this action led to the revolution leaded by Andrea Boniface, Emilio Action, and Application Mamboing, whose members were Jose Palm, Poi Valuable, etc. Though its true that the group used weapons against the colonizers, they also contributed several literary works such as Page-lbs. as Attenuating Lap, Sartorially Eng Justinian, and As Banyan Filipino. American Regime (1898-1941) After the Spaniards were defeated, peace movements started as early as 1900. Filipinos started writing again and nationalism remains undisturbed. During this period, writers went into all forms of literature like news reporting, poetry, stories, plays, essays, novels, etc. Their writing clearly depicted patriotism and longing for independence. In addition, 3 group of writers were formed Spanish, Toga, and English. Though they differ in methods of reporting, they share the same ideas and spirit. The Spanish writers wrote on nationalism like in honoring Filipino heroes. Toga writers went on and on in their lamentations on the conditions of the country and their attempts to arouse love for ones native tongue. English writers Just imitated the themes and methods of the Americans. Also, this regime was divided into three periods. The First Period was of Re-orientation (1898-1910). Not much was produced during this period and was not much of literary worth. Writers were still adjusting from the idea of democracy freedom of ideas and speech, the new phraseology of English language and standards of English literary style. They had to learn direct expression conditioned by direct thinking, sentence constructions, sounds speech in English. They had to abandon sentimentality and floridly of language for the more direct and precise English language. Also, English becomes the official medium of instruction for all public schools. The Philippine Free Press was founded in 1905 and College Folio begun its publication. The Second Period was of and poetry writing. They were more into imitating American and British models which resulted in a stiff, synthetic and unnatural style, lacking vigor and naturalness. Writers of this folio included Fernando Miramar, Juan F. Salary, Jose M. Hernandez, Vaccine del Iffier, Francisco Tantamount, Maxima Koala, Vidal A. Tan, Francisco M. Africa, and Victorian Yeoman. In addition, the Philippine Herald began its publication in 1920. The Third Period was of Self-Discovery and Growth (1925-1941). By this time, Filipino writers had acquired the mastery of English writing. They now confidently and completely wrote on a lot of subjects although the old-time favorites of love and youth persisted. They also went into all forms of writing like the novel and drama. Furthermore, Philippine Book Guild and Philippine Writers League was organized and the 1st Commonwealth Literary awards were given. Japanese Period (1941-1945) The progression of Philippine literature halted during the Japanese invasion. All newspapers except for Tribune and the Philippine Review were stopped. Because of the strict prohibitions in English writing by the invaders, Toga literature experienced renewed attention. Even the weekly Alleyway was placed under strict supervision until it was managed by Japanese man named Ashier. In other words, Toga literature was given a break during this period. Many wrote plays (but dramas became lull and were simply translated versions of English plays), poems (3 types arise: Haiku, Tanana, and Garaging Any), short stories (its field expanded), etc. Topics and themes were often about life in the provinces. Philippine Literature in English experienced a dark period and those who dared to write did for propaganda. Writings that came out during this period were Journalistic in nature and what literary output there was hardly negligible. Writers felt chained but slowly the spirit of nationalism returned. While some continued to write, others waited for a better mime to publish their works. Rebirth of Freedom (1946-1970) Writers had learned to express themselves more confidently but post-war problems beyond language and print-like economic stability, the threat of new ideas, and mortality had to be handled well together. There was proliferation of newspapers and it proved that there were more readers in English than vernaculars. Journalist became more radical. And as normality was restored, the tones and themes of writings turned to the less pressing problems of economic survival. Those who went abroad came back to publish their written works. It was noted that not all published kooks focused on war years but were simply compilations and second editions of what had been written before. Here are some works of this period: The Voice of the Veteran Twilight in Tokyo Passion Death of the SAFE For Freedom and Democracy Betrayal in the Philippines Most poems dealt with the usual love of nature and social political problems. Novel Short Stories became longer. Toga Literature was resurrected and mostly focused during the occupation of Japanese brutality, poverty, exploits, etc. Several literary-related organizations were formed and literary awards were launched I. E. The Planck Awards pennon of Activists (1970-1972) The patriotic youths became active and ask for changes in the government. They believe that the system is okay but the stationed people are not. But because of this, several of them were imprisoned along with other rebel writers. They truly were heroes. Many books aptly record and embody these times but many of these are not known to many and many of these writers still have to be interviewed. These led to the declaration of Martial Law in 1972. Campus newspapers were malodorous of rebellious emotions. They attacked the ills of society and politics. Any establishment became the symbol of the ills that had to be changed. Frustrations of youths were felt in churches and schools. African-Latin American Music EssayBecause Filipinos enjoyed European dances particularly fandango, curaà §ao, tango, separated and the stately rigatoni, some of these folk dances were modified to meet the need for change as modernization demands. These dances reflect almost all aspects of the peoples lives: religious, occupational, entertainment, recreational, courtship, marriage, baptism and even war. According to Mrs.. Lucre Artful, Philippine indigenous music can be divided not three distinct groups: The Randall The instruments of Muslim Filipinos (assortment of brass instruments) The instruments of the mountain region tribes (I. E. Gong, flute, drums) Early Philippine Theatre: There were various native stage presentations Filipinos enjoyed during the Spanish period. The most popular vernacular presentations were the moor-moor, carillon and Azure. During occasions of town fiestas, performers used provisional stage of nip and bamboo. Later, huge theatre bodegas with pyramidal roofs such as those seen over cockpits appeared. The Moor-moor depicts the battle between Christians Muslims, the adaptations of legends about knight-errants princesses, the triumphant entry/exit of the conqueror and the downfall of the vanquished accompanied by Spanish music. The Carillon is a shadow play using puppets made from cardboard skillfully manipulated by a narrator behind the screen. The themes are usually derived from the libretto from Don Quixote, Bubby Eng Mall an Pinioning Histories and Don Juan Tenor. The Azure are improvised plots by comedians using comic, tragic, fantastic, melodramatic, or a combination of all. It does not have a definite form. Singing was free and imaginative. Performers make extemporaneous comments. At times, the audience swapped comments with the artists. It is said that Azure originated from Pangaea hence, they are the best. Before the birth of talkies and television, careless used to be the most popular form of entertainment especially during the barrio fiesta. The Bamboo Organ of Lass Pitas: The man who conceived the idea of building the bamboo organ was a young Spanish priest of the Augustine Recollect order, FRR. Diego Cert. deal Virgin del Carmen. Due to low funds, he along with the village craftsmen created the Bamboo Organ and was credited for it. The organ has undergone repairs in several years. It is the oldest and most unique musical instrument for its durability is unsurpassed for having lasted more than 160 years compared to most organs of only 15 years. American Period (1898-1941) The first known law affecting the Philippine Public School System was Article 74 of the Philippine commission which provided formal training for teachers. The American Educational systems have greatly influenced the Philippine system of education. American textbooks and song books were used. The radio, phonograph, and movies helped disseminate world culture. American inning through Jazz invaded the country. Nevertheless, the spirit of nationalism triggered by the Spanish revolution, pushed Filipino composers to use the native folk songs for their thematic materials. With the establishment of conservatories (school for special instruction in music), formal education in music started. Under a program of specialization was the training program for professionals which produced music specialist such as performer, composer, transcriber, conductor, researcher, musicologist, arranger, theorist, essayist, and critic. Philippine Opera: It was believed that Philippine Opera evolved from the Azure. And because of he various opera companies engaged in the production of Azure, Manila was dubbed Italy of the Orient Japanese Occupation Period (1942-1945) This was the darkest epoch in the history of the Philippines. The Japanese wanted only Oriental ways for the people. This gave the Filipinos no other choice but to revert to their traditional ways of entertainment opera, musical plays and drama although a few appreciated Japanese music. Post Liberation Period (1945-1946) The Filipino is a lover of music. Music is as important as the air he breaths. He finds adequate expression of his feelings through singing, moving, creating, playing n instrument, and Just listening. The reawakening of interest in diversified forms of culture is manifested in the proliferation of ensembles, vocal and instrumental not only in schools but also in churches, government and private offices, communities and within the family. Not only the gifted in institutions get involved but even the out of school youth has his share of participation. The peoples patrimony of the country caused the use of native instruments through Randall, a favorite performing string ensemble in all public schools, private institutions, government offices, and other musically interested groups. Need for professional growth is evident in the holding of in-service-training programs, seminars, workshops, and conferences sponsored by schools, government agencies, and musical organizations. Teaching competency in music is assured with the appointment of Bachelor of Music graduates in Applied Music and Music Education as teachers. School songs, choral and instrumental arrangements are available in the market. Forms/Compositions Philippine Music comes in a variety of forms, covering a wide spectrum of sources, geographically and historically; representing more than 100 Ethan-linguistic groups s well as different social and cultural environments in the Philippines. The totality of these forms may be categorized into three distinct repertoires: 1) Asiatic oral music, and semi classical music. The first category covers forms that are closely related to the cultural traditions of Southeast Asia. In the Philippines, such traditions are practiced among the villages in the Cordillera Administrative Region, in the upland areas of Palatal, Indoor and eastern Mindanao, the predominantly Muslim communities in western Mindanao and Sulk, as well as the different Negotiator communities across the archipelago, e. G. Northern Luzon, Bucolic and parts of Panama and Mindanao. Most of the musical forms are performed in connection with rites of passage and life cycle events as well as occupational activities. These occasions consist of birth, initiation and graduation ceremonies; courtship and marriage; death and funeral rites; hunting, fishing, planting and harvest; healing and various forms of armed conflicts. The second category of musical forms consists of orally transmitted genres and compositions that are performed in rural Christian communities in Luzon, Visas and parts of lowland Mindanao, and are generally referred to as Philippine folk music. Their origins may be traced through four evolutionary processes: 1) forms that have been introduced by the Spanish colonial power and later adopted and modified by local artists and performers (metrical romances); 2) synthetic and hybrid forms that have been locally assimilated elements from Western religious traditions (subsoil, shanghaiing); and 4) locally processed songs based on older pre-colonial tunes (planting songs, children s play songs, lullabies, love songs and serenades). Much of Philippine folk music are found in the religious and parasitological repertoires of countryside Christian communities, as well as in arioso forms of entertainment and rites of passage such as marriage and funeral ceremonies. The third category of Philippine musical forms are found in urban communities and centers of population. In the last 100 years, Filipino composers have written works in the standard Western art music forms (chamber music, symphonic music, opera, serial, etc. And contemporary music styles, as well as the latest popular music industry- Latin American, Jazz, country, rock, folk, rap, etc. In addition, modern compositions have also been written for such theatrical forms as dance and/or ballet, drama, musicales, and cinema. Outside the symphony orchestra tradition and the Filipino theater, the Filipinos have also developed a repertoire for three distinct musical ensembles: the band (brass and bamboo), the Randall and the chorus. The Philippine band repertoire consists of marches, overtures, symphonic poems, concentrate pieces, and medleys of Filipino folk tunes, which are performed duding the military and civic parades, as well as formal and semi-tests the playing prowess and physical endurance of the competing musicians. Incidental pieces for the comedic and other forms of local theater have also been written for the band. The Randall(plucked string ensemble) that was introduced by Spain as the equidistant and compares, has a similar repertoire. It consists of marches and opposable pieces (fast and brilliant music in two), medleys and arrangements of Filipino folk songs, overtures, concentrate music, and folk dance accompaniments. In recent years, Filipino composers have written serious art pieces for the Randall or individual Randall instruments. In modern compositions, the Randall instruments are also combined with symphonic instruments. In the field of vocal music, choral music in the Philippines has dramatically expanded in the last